Tuesday, September 17, 2024

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Daily Wrap 16 September 2024
Sigrid Kaag, Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza briefs the Security Council meeting on the situation in Gaza.
More action on the ground needed to save civilian lives in Gaza, top UN official tells Security Council

Not enough progress is being made in getting desperately needed aid and commercial goods into Gaza, the UN Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for the Strip said in a briefing to the Security Council on Monday. 

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Humanitarian Aid
Children and their families fetching water from a UNICEF-supported water tank in Deir Al-Balah in the Gaza Strip.
How aid is (and is not) getting into Gaza

A relentless siege, deadly targeted attacks and chronic restrictions on lifesaving aid deliveries into the war-torn Gaza Strip by Israeli forces: that's just some of what aid workers are grappling with as they try to provide the level of lifesaving assistance needed to stave off widespread famine and epidemics in the strip.

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Peace and Security
UNRWA schools continue to offer shelter to displaced Gazans.
Classrooms turned to rubble: UNRWA official describes realities of life in a war zone

A school that once served as a place of learning and play for hundreds of children is now a refuge filled with tents and makeshift shelters for those displaced by the ongoing conflict in Gaza, a senior official from the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) has reported.

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Peace and Security
A woman feeds a child at the Adré refugee site in the east of Chad.
Gender equality: Distant, yet achievable

While progress has been made worldwide on gender equality and women's and girls' empowerment, critical gender gaps remain in all 17 of the Sustainable Development Goals, according to the latest Gender Snapshot report released Monday by UN Women and the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 

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Women
The ozone layer can protect the environment.
Climate change: Ozone layer still well on track for full recovery

New evidence in the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) annual Ozone and UV Bulletin published on Monday reveals strong evidence that the ozone layer is well on track for a long-term recovery.

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Climate and Environment
Sunrise at UN Headquarters in New York.
What's going on with the world (and the future) at the UN?

It's the season to take on global challenges, from forging a healthier planet to putting the brakes on nuclear weapons, as world leaders and leading experts land at UN Headquarters in New York in mid-September for the General Assembly's annual High-Level Week to chart a path towards a better, safer, greener future for all.

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UN Affairs
Families collect water from a UNICEF-supported facility in Deir al-Balah, in the Gaza Strip.
Sanitary disaster in Gaza 'worsening by the day', warns UNRWA

Overcrowded shelters in Gaza, a lack of running water and the constant threat of disease are making conditions worse by the day for people in the enclave, the UN agency for Palestine refugees, UNRWA, warned on Monday.

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Health
In Glasgow, Scotland, people take part in a Fridays for Future demonstration for climate action, led by youth climate activists and organized on the sidelines of the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference (COP26).
Protect future generations from global decisions made today

Ensuring that world leaders consider the impact their actions will have on the billions yet to be born this century, whilst addressing the inclusion of young people in important national and global decision-making, are central to the UN's landmark Summit of the Future.

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UN Affairs
Farmers in Bangladesh have access to digital platforms to reach a wider market and get better prices for their crops.
The push to connect a digitally divided world and counter AI threats

A surge in the development of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tools is already improving lives but is also bringing fresh urgency to calls for regulation, as more and more governments wake up to the risks. Effective global regulation to ensure that AI is developed safely for the benefit of all is urgently needed.

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UN Affairs
The Peace Monument sculpture in the garden of UN Headquarters by the Croatian sculptor Antun Augustincic, depicting a woman riding a horse with an olive branch in one hand and a globe in the other.
Improving the way we run the world…and beyond

The UN and other bodies set up in the wake of World War Two, are struggling to cope effectively with today's global threats and challenges. At a landmark event in New York this September, world leaders will consider far-reaching plans to shake up international institutions and bring about major reforms for a safer, fairer future for all.

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UN Affairs
People watch on as a building burns in Kyiv following a missile attack.
A new global peace plan for 'uniquely dangerous' times

With conflict and violence at record levels, the UN Member States have called on Secretary-General António Guterres to come up with a template for a more peaceful, secure world. The "New Agenda for Peace" will be a key component of the Summit of the Future, a landmark event to be held at UN Headquarters this September.

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UN Affairs
Women sell okra at a market in Tanout, Niger.
'Failing the stress test': UN chief calls for global finance overhaul

Some of the world's poorest countries spend more on debt repayments than health, education and infrastructure combined, severely hampering their chances of developing their economies. The UN is calling for an overhaul of the entire international financial system, to reduce inequality and improve people's lives.

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UN Affairs
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Threat From China Increasing, Air Force Official Says

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Threat From China Increasing, Air Force Official Says
Sept. 16, 2024 | By Matthew Olay

Secretary of the Air Force Frank Kendall spoke about the growing threat that China poses to the Indo-Pacific region during a keynote address today at an Air & Space Forces Association convention just outside of Washington.

"I've been closely watching the evolution of military for 15 years. China is not a future threat; China is a threat today," Kendall told a large in-person and remote audience composed predominantly of Air and Space Force personnel. 

The secretary went on to explain that the Chinese Communist Party continues to heavily invest in capabilities, operational concepts and organizations that are specifically designed to defeat the United States and its allies' ability to project power in the Western Pacific region, including weapons targeting U.S. land and sea assets like air bases and aircraft carriers. 

"In addition, China continues to expand its nuclear forces and its ability to operate in cyberspace," Kendall said. "We can expect all these trends to continue." 

Kendall further explained that, when traveling to the Indo-Pacific region over the past 15 years, he has seen a growing concern and, at times, alarm from other countries concerning China's growing capabilities and intentions.

An example of such capabilities and intentions include China's moving toward larger and more sophisticated exercises tailored for an invasion and blockade of Taiwan, Kendall said. 

"I am not saying war in the Pacific is imminent or inevitable. It is not," Kendall said. "But I am saying that the likelihood is increasing and will continue to do so."



Noting that the United States must be prepared for a potential future conflict, Kendall then listed numerous ways that the Air and Space Forces are working to do just that, including a massive modernization initiative to achieve operational imperatives. 

"To prevent conflict, we must be ready; to prevail in conflict, we must be ready," Kendall said. 

Kendall's remarks also included updates about other parts of the world. 

Referencing the current conflict in the Middle East, Kendall said that Iran's attack on Israel in April failed thanks, in no small part, to defense provided by the U.S. Air Force and Space Force. 

"The efforts of our national security teams and our allies and partners across the world have been successful, so far, in limiting the scale of conflict," Kendall said. "That success has come as a direct consequence of the U.S. military, including — importantly — U.S. Air Force presence throughout the region." 

While addressing the war in Ukraine, Kendall said Russia will remain a threat in the region, despite if, when and how the war finally ends.

 

"But while Russia will be weakened from years of war, NATO will be even more resilient," Kendall said, noting that NATO has become larger and stronger since the start of the conflict in Ukraine, with many NATO countries meeting their percentage of gross domestic product defense spending targets. 

"We're also deepening our partnerships with our traditional allies in Europe," Kendall said, giving an example of the recent ratification of an agreement between allied countries to share the cost of integrating the Norwegian Joint Strike Missile on the F-35 combat jet. 

"This will significantly enhance our maritime strike capability and that of our Norwegian, Canadian and Australian allies and partners," Kendall said. "This is integrated by design and action." 

Having noted earlier in his speech that he is an appointee who serves at the pleasure of the president, Kendall wrapped up his remarks stating that he will continue to serve in his role with maximum effort to accomplish as much as he can to benefit his branches of service. 

"My promise to you," Kendall told the crowd, "is that I will spend whatever time I have left in public service working as hard as I can to get the Department of the Air Force the resources that it needs to be successful, and to successfully deter our adversaries — if needed — to achieve victory."

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Agency Accounts for 700th Missing Korean War Hero

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Agency Accounts for 700th Missing Korean War Hero
Sept. 16, 2024 | By Ashley M. Wright

 

With the Sept. 9, 2024, accounting of Army Cpl. Billie Charles Driver, 18, from Dallas, Texas, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency marked the identification of the 700th missing personnel from the Korean War. Cpl. Driver, member of the 1st Calvary Division, perished in the Battle of the Pusan Perimeter, Sept. 5, 1950. 

"This is an incredible milestone," said Kelly McKeague, DPAA director, "It is reflective of the talent and dedication of the Department of Defense personnel who are dutifully serve this sacred mission." 

Since 1982, forensic scientists have painstakingly and skillfully analyzed recovered remains to reach this accounting milestone and return fallen Korean War personnel back to their families for proper burial honors. This number is in addition to the roughly 2,000 Americans whose remains were identified in the years immediately following the end of hostilities, when the North Korean government returned more than 3,000 sets of remains to U.S. custody. 

"The Korean War Identification Project was established to oversee the identification process for all Korean War laboratory cases," said Kristen Grow, project lead. "Our dedicated team represents the largest project in the DPAA Laboratory and involves remains from varied sources, including unilateral turnovers, field recoveries, cemetery disinterments and cases turned over to us by our esteemed partner organization in South Korea. Cases from Korea represent highly commingled human remains involving thousands of missing persons from varied proveniences." 

During the more than three-year-long conflict, the United States suffered approximately 36,500 casualties. There are still more than 7,400 missing from the Korean War. Of these, the agency's researchers believe that about 5,300 are located in North Korea. 

 

"The Korean War Identification Project highlights the challenges and successes encountered through a multi-disciplinary approach, involving the expertise of historians, anthropologists, odontologists, and DNA and isotope specialists, who collaborate closely with family members in the pursuit of identification and resolution," Grow said. "Our devoted team considers it a privilege to contribute to this poignant mission every day, where we have the chance to facilitate the reunion of missing service members with their families and loved ones." 

It was not until 1990 when the North Korean government resumed unilateral turnovers of missing U.S. service members through the United Nations Command to the United States. From 1990 to 1994, North Korea repatriated 208 boxes of human remains, which came to be known as the K208. While the North Korean government stated that each box represented the remains of a single service member, forensic analyses determined over 700 to be represented. To date, 155 individuals have been accounted for from this turnover. 

From 1996 to 2005, DPAA's predecessor organizations conducted 37 Joint Recovery Operations in North Korea, alongside officials of the Korean People's Army. Anthropological and odontological analysis performed by DPAA, and DNA analyses performed by the Armed Forces Medical Examiner system revealed a high degree of commingling and a crossover of skeletal elements belonging to the same individuals between the K208 and recovery operations. 

"Our Korean War Program has faced tremendous challenges over the years, to include gaining the cooperation of the Korean People's Army in North Korea in past years. For much of the past three decades, we made little progress identifying the remains we recovered in North Korea, but in the past ten years, we turned the corner and began seeing huge success in identifying remains of our Korean War missing from a variety of sources. There have been innovations both in technology and in processes," said John Byrd, DPAA laboratory director. 

In total, 153 identifications have been made from the ten years the U.S. teams were allowed to operate in North Korea. 

"Most of the remains we recovered in North Korea have now been identified and we are always hopeful that relations will reach a point again that we can receive more remains and resume work in North Korea," Byrd added. "We will remain diligent in resolving as many of these Korean War cases as possible." 

In July 2018, DPAA proposed a plan to disinter 652 Korean War Unknowns from the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii. This effort became known as the Korean War Disinterment Project. The project consists of seven phases and DPAA is currently exhuming caskets in the fifth phase of the project. To date, 232 Americans have been identified through this disinterment project. 

Since DNA testing began in 1992, there were two major issues affecting DNA analysis of Korean War samples. The first issue was having appropriate Family Reference Samples to compare to the unknown remains. By 2010, through the diligence of the Service Causality Offices the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System had received references for 92 percent of the original 8,100 missing service members. 

The second issue that arose in the disinterment project is the ability to extract DNA from the remains in the caskets. In the 1950s, officials treated the unknown remains with chemical preservatives prior to burial, which severely degraded the available DNA. However, the cutting-edge DNA scientists, preeminent in the world, at the AFMES have determinedly resolved this challenge. 

 

"Starting in 2000, knowing that the Korean War samples had been treated with chemicals that degraded DNA, AFMES scientists started a research initiative that took 16 years, with several key advancements developed by AFMES and improved scientific instruments before fielding the first fully accredited DNA Next Generation Sequencing method that worked with highly degraded samples," said Tim McMahon, director of the AFMES DNA Laboratory. "The easiest way to explain the method is that we developed a human mitochondrial DNA bait with a metal molecule on it that was specific for human DNA. The mtDNA bait binds to the human mtDNA, and we use a magnet to pull the human mtDNA out of the solution. AFMES is still the only forensic laboratory with this capability and since 2016 we have increased our success rate to over 65% and processing capabilities to 120 samples per month. This does not seem like much, but in 2016, capabilities were 5 samples per month and a 24% success rate. To date this method has produced results that have supported 165 Korean War identifications. That would not have occurred using traditional DNA testing." 

Another step toward accounting for the Korean War missing occurred on July 27, 2018, with the historic summit between then-President Donald Trump and North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un after which North Korea turned over 55 boxes, referred to as K55, purported to contain the remains of American service members killed during the Korean War. After the remains were accessioned into the DPAA Laboratory, based on anthropological and DNA analyses, it was determined to be an estimated 250 individuals represented in the K55 boxes. 

"Don't give up," said Sam Storms, son of Army Maj. Harvey Storms who died during the Korean War and was identified in 2019, when asked what advice he would give to families waiting on their loved one's return in a 2021 interview. "I never expected it happen." 

Maj. Storms was 34 years old when he left his pregnant wife and three sons to fight in the Korean War. He would perish on Dec. 2, 1950, when his unit was attacked and fought in hand-to-hand combat in freezing conditions in the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir. Storms is one of the 93 identified from the K55 boxes. He was buried in front of his four sons and fellow Korean War Veterans at Arlington National Cemetery in 2021. 

 

Despite North Korea not engaging in repatriation and recovery discussions since the K55 turnover, the agency remains committed to providing the providing the fullest possible accounting of Korean War personnel. 

"Despite North Korea being the only country who does not cooperate on this humanitarian mission," McKeague said. "This 700th identification exemplifies the resolute determination of the United States to bring them home."

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This email was sent to sajanram1986.channel@blogger.com using GovDelivery Communications Cloud on behalf of: U.S. Department of Defense
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